Structural ceramics mainly refers to a large class of materials in advanced ceramics that exert their mechanical, thermal, chemical and other functions. Because they have a series of excellent properties such as high temperature resistance, corrosion resistance, wear resistance, and erosion resistance, they can withstand harsh working environments that are difficult for metal materials and organic polymer materials to withstand. Therefore, they have become the key to the realization of many emerging science and technologies. Structural ceramics are often used as structural materials at high temperatures, so they are often called high-temperature structural ceramics or engineering ceramics. They are one of the important growth points for advanced ceramics.
According to the classification of use fields, structural ceramics can be divided into:
(1) Mechanical ceramics, mainly utilizing their high hardness and high wear resistance properties, such as mechanical parts and shafts;
(2) Thermomechanical ceramics, also known as engine ceramics, mainly utilize their heat resistance, wear resistance, high strength and high toughness properties.
properties, such as automotive wear-resistant, lightweight ceramic components, thermal insulation, heat-resistant components, gas turbine blades, piston tops, inlays
blocks etc;
(3) Biochemical ceramics, which utilize corrosion resistance and good chemical stability in contact with biological groups,
Such as crucibles, heat exchangers, bioceramics, etc. for smelting non-ferrous metals and rare metals;
(4) Nuclear ceramics and others can be used as various nuclear reactors by utilizing their unique characteristics of capturing and absorbing neutrons.
The use of structural materials, as well as those related to people’s daily lives such as ceramic scissors, non-magnetic debugging tools, golf
Ball stems and ceramic valves and their assemblies, etc.
According to component classification, structural ceramics can be divided into:
(1) Oxide ceramics, such as alumina ceramics, germanium oxide ceramics, mullite ceramics, calcium oxide ceramics, zirconia ceramics, germanium stone ceramics, etc.;
(2) Nitride ceramics, such as silicon nitride ceramics, sialon, aluminum nitride ceramics, boron amide ceramics
(3) Carbide ceramics, such as silicon carbide ceramics, boron carbide ceramics, etc.;
(4) Boride ceramics, boride ceramics, boride junction ceramics, etc.
It can be seen that the elements that make up structural ceramics, such as silicon, boron, carbon, oxygen, ammonia, and aluminum, are the most abundant in the earth’s crust. This is also the reason why structural ceramics are used as engine parts and replace strategic metals such as nickel, zirconium, and chromium. its vitality.